Gilding is the art of applying extremely thin sheets of precious metal, such as gold leaf, to a surface to create a luxurious and durable finish. Over the centuries, several gilding techniques have been developed, each offering distinct aesthetic qualities, levels of durability, and application methods. The choice of technique depends on the substrate, the desired appearance, and whether the object will be displayed indoors or exposed to outdoor conditions. The three most widely used methods are traditional water gilding, mixtion (oil) gilding, and the modern Kölner Instacoll system.
Traditional water gilding is the most prestigious and time-honored gilding technique, used for centuries on fine furniture, picture frames, sculptures, and architectural ornamentation. The surface is first prepared with multiple coats of gesso, followed by layers of bole (a fine clay mixed with glue) that provide a smooth base and influence the final tone of the gold. The bole is reactivated with water, allowing the gold leaf to adhere.
Once dry, the gold can be burnished with an agate stone to achieve a brilliant, mirror-like finish or left matte for decorative contrast. Water gilding is suitable for interior applications only and offers unmatched depth, brilliance, and elegance.
Click here to buy our Gold Leaves
This technique is easier than the water-based gilding technique. It is quite simple, requiring only an application of the milk with a brush and 15 to 30 minutes drying time. Beforehand, the surface needs to be cleaned carefully and non absorbent. It can be used either on loose or transfer gold leaf. The finish is mat, and it is the cheapest option, even though the results are not very hard-wearing. It is supposed to be used on item which are not daily handled.
Mixtion gilding, also known as oil gilding, is a versatile technique suitable for both interior and exterior applications. A special adhesive, called gilding size or mixtion, is applied to the prepared surface and allowed to reach the proper tack before the gold leaf is laid. Unlike water gilding, this method does not require gesso or bole and cannot be burnished to a high gloss. However, it is simpler to apply, highly durable, and can be used on a wide range of materials including wood, metal, glass, stone, plaster, and plastics. It is the preferred technique for outdoor signs, architectural details, and decorative finishes.
Kölner Instacoll is a modern, high-performance gilding system developed to combine the brilliance of water gilding with the durability and versatility of oil gilding. After applying the Instacoll base coat, the special Instacoll activator creates an adhesive surface that allows the gold leaf to bond securely. The finished gold can then be burnished to a remarkably high gloss, approaching the appearance of traditional water gilding, while offering excellent weather resistance. Instacoll can be used on many different substrates and is suitable for both interior and exterior projects, making it a popular choice for architectural gilding, monuments, sculptures, and premium decorative work where exceptional brilliance and long-term durability are required.
Click here to buy our Instacoll Activator 100ml
